The fire incident at the California lithium battery energy storage plant has once again highlighted the safety challenges faced by large-scale energy storage systems[cite: 1, 2]. When a battery experiences thermal runaway, it can trigger a chain reaction and release flammable or harmful gases, impacting the surrounding environment and the health of local residents[cite: 1, 2]. Through comprehensive thermal management design and robust safety protection measures, the risk of such accidents occurring can be effectively reduced