{"id":34918,"date":"2026-11-12T10:45:42","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T02:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/?p=34918"},"modified":"2026-11-12T11:48:11","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T03:48:11","slug":"immersion-cooling-fluid-tim-compatibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/news\/tech\/immersion-cooling-fluid-tim-compatibility\/","title":{"rendered":"Compatibility Between Immersion Cooling Fluids and Thermal Interface Materials: From Cooling Principles to Long-Term Immersion Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34918\" class=\"elementor elementor-34918\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-044ac9a e-flex e-con-boxed qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"044ac9a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c414c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2c414c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the power consumption of individual AI servers continues to rise, data center cooling architectures are gradually shifting from air cooling to liquid cooling. Immersion cooling submerges an entire server directly in a non-conductive dielectric coolant, allowing the liquid to remove heat directly from the components. It is an important option for high-density computing environments.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8a92d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8a92d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this architecture, every material inside the server remains in prolonged contact with the coolant, including the thermal interface material (TIM) between the chip and the heat sink. The fact that a material can be placed in a coolant does not mean it can maintain its original performance over long-term immersion. This article explains the principles of immersion cooling, the main types of coolants, compatibility issues between coolants and materials, and how long-term immersion testing can be used to verify TIM compatibility.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a00a0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a00a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Immersion Cooling Principles: Single-Phase and Two-Phase Systems<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e1b33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34e1b33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immersion cooling is divided into two system architectures according to whether the coolant undergoes a phase change during operation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9338264 blog__editor elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9338264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong style=\"color: #0061d4;\">Single-phase immersion cooling\uff1a<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The server is typically immersed in a hydrocarbon-based dielectric coolant similar to mineral oil. Because the coolant has a relatively high boiling point, it remains liquid throughout operation. A pump sends the coolant to a heat exchanger in the coolant distribution unit (CDU), where it is cooled before returning to the tank for recirculation[1].<\/span><\/li><li><strong style=\"color: #0061d4;\"><b>Two-Phase Immersion Cooling<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The coolant boils and vaporizes upon contacting heat-generating components, removing heat through the latent heat of vaporization. The vapor is then condensed back into liquid by a condenser. Because the coolant vaporizes, the system requires more extensive coolant replenishment and sealing management[2].<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-999eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"999eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both architectures share one characteristic: the components and materials inside the server are directly and continuously immersed in the coolant. This is the primary difference between immersion cooling, air cooling, and cold-plate liquid cooling\u2014and why material compatibility is a critical issue.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d67fe5 blog__tips elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d67fe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further Reading:<span style=\"color: #0061d4;\"><a style=\"color: #0061d4;\" href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/news\/tech\/two-phase-vs-single-phase-immersion-cooling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two-Phase vs. Single-Phase Immersion Cooling \u2014 Cooling Efficiency and Application Advantages<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b450737 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b450737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types of Immersion Cooling Fluids<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58ffa10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58ffa10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immersion cooling fluids must provide both electrical insulation and effective heat transfer. Coolants traditionally used in the industry mainly include fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons or synthetic oils, and silicone oils[2]. Recent studies have also included ester-based coolants in comparisons[7]. Each coolant type has a different chemical structure and therefore exhibits different compatibility with polymer materials.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a5fadb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a5fadb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"editor__table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"editor__table\"style=\" width:1038px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Coolant Type<\/th>\n<th>Examples<\/th>\n<th>Common Architecture<\/th>\n<th width=\"40%\">Compatibility Considerations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hydrocarbon-Based<\/td>\n<td>Mineral oil, polyalphaolefin (PAO), and GTL synthetic oil<\/td>\n<td>Single-Phase<\/td>\n<td>The most commonly used type in single-phase systems. As nonpolar liquids, hydrocarbon coolants may cause swelling in similarly nonpolar polymer materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ester-Based<\/td>\n<td>Natural and synthetic esters<\/td>\n<td>Single-Phase<\/td>\n<td>Their chemical structure differs from hydrocarbon coolants, so compatibility must be verified for each material.[7]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Silicone Oil<\/td>\n<td>Siloxane-based coolant<\/td>\n<td>Single-Phase<\/td>\n<td>May cause silicone materials to swell and change shape or dimensions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fluorinated Fluid<\/td>\n<td>Perfluorocarbons and hydrofluoroethers (HFE)<\/td>\n<td>Two-phase and some single-phase systems<\/td>\n<td>Generally causes less swelling in polymers such as PDMS, but these fluids are PFAS substances, and their supply and regulatory environment are changing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c66c1 blog__editor elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10c66c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two Additional Points:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compatibility of hydrocarbon-based coolants has continued to improve, but individual verification is still required. Schneider Electric notes that modern synthetic oils provide better material compatibility than earlier mineral oils and white oils, substantially reducing many compatibility issues. [4]However, \u201csubstantially reduced\u201d does not mean \u201celiminated.\u201d The performance of a specific material in a specific coolant must still be confirmed through testing.<\/span><\/li><li>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The supply environment for fluorinated fluids is changing. 3M completed its exit from PFAS manufacturing by the end of 2025[5], affecting its Novec and Fluorinert electronic fluorinated fluid product lines[6]. When selecting a coolant, supply stability and regulatory risk must now be evaluated alongside thermal performance and material compatibility.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b407e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b407e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Coolant\u2013Material Compatibility: Three Main Risks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9528890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9528890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a TIM remains immersed in coolant for an extended period, it may face three types of risks that do not occur in air-cooled environments.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5f941 blog__editor elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5f941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong style=\"color: #0061d4;\"><b>Swelling and dimensional changes:<\/b>\uff1a<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the \u201clike dissolves like\u201d principle, liquids with similar chemical properties can more readily penetrate polymer materials. A classic study published in the American Chemical Society journal Analytical Chemistry found that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) swelled significantly in alkane solvents such as pentane, while showing the least swelling in perfluorinated solvents. Among the three compatibility considerations examined, swelling had the greatest impact.[8] An IBM U.S. patent also explains that mineral oil can dissolve into certain PDMS materials and cause the TIM to expand[9].<\/span><\/li><li><strong style=\"color: #0061d4;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Thermal performance degradation<\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Material swelling increases the bond line thickness (BLT), which raises thermal resistance and reduces heat transfer efficiency between the two components.[9]<\/span><\/li><li><strong style=\"color: #0061d4;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Component leaching and coolant contamination:<\/b>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mobile components in the material may be extracted by the coolant, changing material performance and potentially affecting the quality of the coolant throughout the tank. A study presented at the 2025 MRS Fall Meeting conducted long-term immersion testing using four coolant types\u2014silicone oil, hydrocarbon oil, vegetable ester oil, and perfluorocarbon\u2014with four commercially available TIMs. The study examined changes in both the TIMs and the coolants and observed degradation in some TIMs, including swelling and dissolution of phase change materials[7].<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8ed222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8ed222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An experimental study presented at IEEE ITherm 2022 identified material compatibility between PCB components and coolants as a major consideration before immersion cooling can be deployed at scale in data centers[10]. Immersion cooling provider Submer also lists TIMs among the material categories whose compatibility must be confirmed before servers are deployed in immersion cooling systems[11].<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8abf11f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8abf11f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of these risks do not emerge after only a few hours of immersion; instead, they accumulate gradually under prolonged, high-temperature conditions.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba8bedd blog__tips elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba8bedd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further Reading:<span style=\"color: #0061d4;\">Why Do Conventional Silicone Thermal Pads Swell in Immersion Cooling Fluids? A Complete Analysis of Material Compatibility<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7cedc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef7cedc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Verify Compatibility: Immersion Conditions and Evaluation Criteria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88326e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88326e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determining whether a TIM is suitable for a specific coolant requires quantifiable and repeatable long-term immersion testing. The test design generally includes three elements: immersion conditions, evaluation items, and acceptance criteria.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-250ab6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"250ab6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(1) Immersion Conditions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab5be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ab5be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The simplified material compatibility test published by Engineered Fluids recommends heating immersed samples to 80\u00b0C or 20\u00b0C above the expected operating temperature, whichever is higher, and maintaining that condition for at least 21 days[12]. Immersion at temperatures above normal operating conditions accelerates material aging, allowing the effects of long-term exposure to be observed within a practical test period.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7fe7e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b7fe7e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(2) Evaluation Items<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82c4d17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82c4d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparisons before and after immersion should cover both the material itself and the coolant.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00f4908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00f4908\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"editor__table-wrap\"><table class=\"editor__table\"><thead><tr><th>Evaluation Items<\/th><th>Key Observations<\/th><th>Associated Risks<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Material Appearance<\/td><td>Discoloration, swelling, cracking, and deformation<\/td><td>Structural damage and dimensional changes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coolant Appearance<\/td><td>Discoloration or other abnormalities<\/td><td>Component leaching and coolant contamination<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thermal conductivity<\/td><td>Rate of change before and after immersion<\/td><td>Thermal performance degradation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hardness<\/td><td>Rate of change before and after immersion<\/td><td>Softening, hardening, or structural degradation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c806966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c806966\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(3) Acceptance Criteria and Physical Significance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a4b7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a4b7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction, the thermal resistance of the thermal layer can be simplified as:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R \u2248 BLT \u00f7 k<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, R is thermal resistance, BLT is bond line thickness, and k is thermal conductivity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79e5228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79e5228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the BLT remains unchanged and thermal conductivity decreases by 10%, thermal resistance increases by approximately 11%\uff081 \u00f7 0.9 \u2248 1.11\uff09. If material swelling increases the BLT by 10%, thermal resistance likewise increases by approximately 10%. In other words, changes of several percent to more than 10% in thermal conductivity or material dimensions can directly affect chip temperature.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6261169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6261169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hardness determines how the material compresses and conforms under assembly pressure. A significant decrease in hardness may indicate that the material has absorbed coolant and softened. A significant increase in hardness may indicate the loss of internal material components. Both changes can alter the actual BLT and contact conditions in the assembled system.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c50e62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c50e62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, keeping changes in thermal conductivity and hardness within a defined range, such as \u00b110%, provides a practical criterion for determining whether a material can retain its original design performance after long-term immersion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89eb58b blog__tips elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89eb58b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note: R \u2248 BLT \u00f7 k is a simplified estimate of the bulk thermal resistance of the thermal layer and does not include contact resistance between the material and the mating surfaces.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea1bcc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea1bcc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test Case: Immersion in Shell S3 X at 80\u00b0C for 504 Hours<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-014b9bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"014b9bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following test, recently completed by the in-house laboratory at LiPOLY, demonstrates the practical application of the verification method described above.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ad337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23ad337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test Medium: Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ad587 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3ad587\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X is a synthetic single-phase immersion cooling fluid manufactured by Shell using gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology[14]. Its official technical data describes it as a stabilized hydrocarbon-based coolant for applications including data centers, high-performance computing, edge computing, and blockchain[13]. Its typical properties are shown below [13]:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aafbfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4aafbfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"editor__table-wrap\"><table class=\"editor__table\"><thead><tr><th>Property<\/th><th>Test Method<\/th><th>Typical Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Density at 15\u00b0C<\/td><td>ASTM D4052<\/td><td>808 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flash Point<\/td><td>ASTM D92<\/td><td>198\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pour Point<\/td><td>ASTM D97<\/td><td>\u221242\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kinematic Viscosity at 40\u00b0C<\/td><td>ASTM D445<\/td><td>9.9 mm\u00b2\/s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Neutralization Value<\/td><td>IEC 62021-1<\/td><td>&lt; 0.01 mg KOH\/g<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de79cbc blog__tips elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de79cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source: Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X Technical Data Sheet, v1.7. The listed values are typical values and are not guaranteed specifications.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f974c96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f974c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A technical document jointly published by Shell and Cisco states that S3 X has undergone extensive compatibility testing with metals, polymers, and elastomers used in server hardware[15]. However, the compatibility of individual TIMs must still be verified using the actual coolant. S3 X is a hydrocarbon-based coolant, a category for which the swelling risks discussed in Section 3 require particular attention, making it a representative test medium.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-190e4d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"190e4d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test Condition<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1058a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a1058a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"editor__table-wrap\"><table class=\"editor__table\"><thead><tr><th>Property<\/th><th width=\"70%\">Conditions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Immersion Medium<\/td><td>Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Immersion Temperature<\/td><td>80\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Immersion Duration<\/td><td>21 days (504 hours), continuously<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Immersion Method<\/td><td>Test specimens fully immersed in coolant and placed in a constant-temperature oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evaluation Items<\/td><td>Material appearance, coolant appearance, thermal conductivity, and hardness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acceptance Criteria<\/td><td>No visible material degradation, no coolant discoloration, and changes in thermal conductivity and hardness within \u00b110%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-965313e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"965313e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The immersion temperature and duration are the same as those specified in the Engineered Fluids procedure described in Section 4[12].<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d0d386 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d0d386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test Result<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16dd0f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16dd0f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"editor__table-wrap\"><table class=\"editor__table\"><thead><tr><th>Tested Part Number<\/th><th>Material Appearance<\/th><th>Coolant Appearance<\/th><th>Thermal conductivity<\/th><th>Hardness<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AS02<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AS03<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AS05<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AS06<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AS07<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><td>Pass<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c73e9bb blog__tips elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c73e9bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testing Facility: Shiu Li Technology in-house laboratory. The tested materials included pad and paste\/gel types.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55acc4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55acc4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under these test conditions, none of the five materials showed visible degradation after immersion, the coolant showed no discoloration, and changes in thermal conductivity and hardness remained within \u00b110%. These results indicate that the materials demonstrate good compatibility and performance stability in Shell S3 X and may serve as a basis for further evaluation in immersion cooling system applications. For actual applications, verification should still be performed using the coolant, temperature, and assembly conditions of the target system.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6af2e7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6af2e7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LiPOLY Thermal Interface Materials for Immersion Cooling<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d917fad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d917fad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AS02, AS03, AS05, AS06, and AS07 are LiPOLY\u2019s new-generation thermal interface materials, covering both pad and paste\/gel types. LiPOLY also offers the DTT54-s, DTT55-s, and DTT56-s two-part thermally conductive die attach adhesives and the DTT61-s thermal pad for immersion cooling. These product types can be selected according to assembly processes and gap requirements. Contact the LiPOLY sales team for specifications, samples, and the complete test report.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18300a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18300a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-320185a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"320185a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Q1: What Is the Difference Between Single-Phase and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aaa2af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aaa2af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In single-phase immersion cooling, the coolant remains liquid during operation and is pumped through a heat exchanger for cooling before being recirculated. In two-phase immersion cooling, the coolant boils and vaporizes at the surface of heat-generating components, removes heat through latent heat of vaporization, and then condenses back into liquid. In both systems, the materials inside the server are directly immersed in the coolant.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa0ed6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa0ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Q2: What Types of Immersion Cooling Fluids Are Available?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2273b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce2273b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main types include hydrocarbon-based fluids, ester-based fluids, silicone oils, and fluorinated fluids. Hydrocarbon-based fluids include mineral oil, PAO, and GTL synthetic oil. Hydrocarbon-based fluids are the most common in single-phase systems. Fluorinated fluids are often used in two-phase systems, but they are PFAS substances, and their supply and regulatory environment are changing. Different coolant types exhibit different compatibility with polymer materials, so each material must be verified individually during selection.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76e6d4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76e6d4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Q3: Why Must TIM Compatibility Be Specifically Verified for Immersion Cooling?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcc56ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcc56ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because TIMs remain directly immersed in coolant for extended periods, they may experience swelling, thermal performance degradation, or component leaching. These changes can alter the BLT and thermal resistance, affecting chip temperature and potentially contaminating the coolant.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9cf2eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9cf2eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Q4: How Is Immersion Cooling Compatibility Testing Typically Performed?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c735eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c735eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A common approach is to fully immerse material specimens in the target coolant and maintain them at a temperature above the actual operating temperature. For example, specimens may be immersed at 80\u00b0C for at least 21 days, followed by comparisons of material appearance, coolant appearance, thermal conductivity, and hardness before and after immersion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17bf575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17bf575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Q5: What Does a \u00b110% Change in Thermal Conductivity Mean?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa1583f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa1583f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the simplified thermal resistance formula R \u2248 BLT \u00f7 k, if the BLT remains unchanged, a 10% decrease in thermal conductivity results in an approximately 11% increase in the thermal resistance of the layer. Keeping the change within \u00b110% indicates that the material\u2019s thermal performance remains close to its original design value after long-term immersion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2f9d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2f9d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734a356 blog__editor blog__source elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"734a356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcadis.com\/en-us\/insights\/blog\/global\/jeff-gzen\/2024\/liquid-immersion-cooling-for-sustainable-data-centers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arcadis. &#8220;Liquid Immersion Cooling for Sustainable Data Centers,&#8221; 2024.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.achrnews.com\/articles\/163601-immersion-cooling-for-data-centers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACHR News. &#8220;Immersion Cooling for Data Centers.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/inventec.dehon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Inventec_White_Paper_Evaluating_immersion_cooling_fluids.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inventec Performance Chemicals. &#8220;Evaluating Immersion Cooling Fluids for Data Centers: A Comparative Study between Hydrocarbon Oils and Fluorinated Fluids&#8221; (White Paper), 2024.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.se.com\/datacenter\/2020\/11\/24\/comparing-dielectric-fluid-choices-best-solution-data-center-liquid-cooling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schneider Electric. &#8220;Comparing Dielectric Fluid Choices to Find the Best Solution for Your Data Center Liquid Cooling Needs,&#8221; 2020.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/66740\/000006674026000014\/mmm-20251231.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M Company. Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2025. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.silmid.com\/Documents\/3M_PFAS_Manufacturing_Phase_Out_Customer_Letter%20(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3M Company. &#8220;PFAS Manufacturing Phase Out \u2014 Customer Letter,&#8221; 2022.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrs.org\/meetings-events\/annual-meetings\/archive\/meeting\/presentations\/view\/2025-mrs-fall-meeting\/2025-mrs-fall-meeting-4379106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Materials Research Society. &#8220;Degradation Kinetics of Thermal Interface Materials in Single-Phase Liquid Immersion Cooling Systems&#8221; (EL10.12.05), 2025 MRS Fall Meeting &amp; Exhibit.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/ac0346712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lee, J. N., Park, C., Whitesides, G. M. &#8220;Solvent Compatibility of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Microfluidic Devices.&#8221; Analytical Chemistry, 75(23), 6544\u20136554, 2003. DOI: 10.1021\/ac0346712.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US9911681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Business Machines Corporation. &#8220;Silicone-Based Thermal Interface Materials.&#8221; U.S. Patent No. 9,911,681 B2.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9899572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yu, L., Yang, J., Shia, D., et al. &#8220;A Study on Compatibility of Thermal Interface Materials with Coolants for Data Center Immersion Cooling.&#8221; 2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm), 2022. DOI: 10.1109\/iTherm54085.2022.9899572.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/submer.com\/blog\/material-compatibility-in-immersion-cooling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Submer. &#8220;Navigating Material Compatibility in Immersion Cooling.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeredfluids.com\/material-compatibility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineered Fluids. &#8220;Material Compatibility Guide \u2014 Simplified Material Compatibility Testing Procedure.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/evosupplygroupcatalog.sfo3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/files\/pds-23033.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shell. &#8220;Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X \u2014 Technical Data Sheet,&#8221; v1.7, 2022.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.univarsolutions.fi\/en\/84528-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Univar Solutions. &#8220;Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid S3 X \u2014 Product Information.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/dam\/en\/us\/td\/docs\/engineering_alliances\/Shell-Cisco_Solution_Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cisco Systems and Shell. &#8220;Optimizing AI Compute with Shell Immersion Cooling Fluid&#8221; (Partner Alliance Solution Brief).<\/a><\/li><li>Shiu Li Technology Co., Ltd. (LiPOLY). &#8220;Shell S3X Immersion Cooling Fluid Compatibility Test Report \u2014 AS02, AS03, AS05, AS06, AS07&#8221; (internal test report), 2026.<\/li><li>Shiu Li Technology Co., Ltd. (LiPOLY). &#8220;2026 Shiu Li E-Catalogue,&#8221; 2026.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105eef0 e-flex e-con-boxed qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"105eef0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a0b253 e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a0b253\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-749ba37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"749ba37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related 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data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948074f e-con-full pdlist-thermal e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"948074f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3c9727 pdlist-thermal__num elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3c9727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.0<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d7e4 pdlist-thermal__uni elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca7d7e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> W\/m\u00b7K<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc83748 productoverf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc83748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt56-s\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png\" class=\"attachment-qi_blocks_image_size_square size-qi_blocks_image_size_square wp-image-26035\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-700x700.png 700w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-e1769134048473.png 600w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT56-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad9124 e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad9124\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4dc9d e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f4dc9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d479ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d479ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><h3 class=\"product-title product-title--h3 product-carousel__title\"><a class=\"product-title__link\" href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt56-s\/\"><span class=\"product-title__model\" data-no-translation>DTT56-s<\/span> <span class=\"product-title__name\">Two-Part Thermal Conductive Die Attach Adhesive<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed3213 pdlist__tag-feature elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed3213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStable thermal performance at elevated temperatures.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"27016\" class=\"elementor elementor-27016 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-26080 post-26080 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-die-attach-adhesive product_cat-curing-grease product_tag-new product_tag-silicone product_tag-458 pa_thermal-conductivity-5-0  instock shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d9c57 e-con-full pdlist e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63d9c57\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f13d184 pdlist__imgobx e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f13d184\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948074f e-con-full pdlist-thermal e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"948074f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3c9727 pdlist-thermal__num elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3c9727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5.0<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d7e4 pdlist-thermal__uni elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca7d7e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> W\/m\u00b7K<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc83748 productoverf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc83748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt55-s\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png\" class=\"attachment-qi_blocks_image_size_square size-qi_blocks_image_size_square wp-image-26034\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-700x700.png 700w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT55-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad9124 e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad9124\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4dc9d e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f4dc9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d479ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d479ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><h3 class=\"product-title product-title--h3 product-carousel__title\"><a class=\"product-title__link\" href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt55-s\/\"><span class=\"product-title__model\" data-no-translation>DTT55-s<\/span> <span class=\"product-title__name\">Two-Part Thermal Conductive Die Attach Adhesive<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed3213 pdlist__tag-feature elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed3213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStable thermal performance at elevated temperatures.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"27016\" class=\"elementor elementor-27016 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-26077 post-26077 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-die-attach-adhesive product_cat-curing-grease product_tag-new product_tag-silicone product_tag-458 pa_thermal-conductivity-4-0 last instock shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d9c57 e-con-full pdlist e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63d9c57\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f13d184 pdlist__imgobx e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f13d184\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948074f e-con-full pdlist-thermal e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"948074f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3c9727 pdlist-thermal__num elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3c9727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.0<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d7e4 pdlist-thermal__uni elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca7d7e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> W\/m\u00b7K<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc83748 productoverf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc83748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt54-s\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png\" class=\"attachment-qi_blocks_image_size_square size-qi_blocks_image_size_square wp-image-26033\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-700x700.png 700w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u96d9\u5291\u6a21\u7d44_DTT54-s\u6df7\u548c\u7ba1.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad9124 e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad9124\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4dc9d e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f4dc9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d479ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d479ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><h3 class=\"product-title product-title--h3 product-carousel__title\"><a class=\"product-title__link\" href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/liquid-gap-fillers\/two-part\/die-attach-adhesive\/dtt54-s\/\"><span class=\"product-title__model\" data-no-translation>DTT54-s<\/span> <span class=\"product-title__name\">Two-Part Thermal Conductive Die Attach Adhesive<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed3213 pdlist__tag-feature elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed3213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStable thermal performance at elevated temperatures.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"27016\" class=\"elementor elementor-27016 swiper-slide e-loop-item e-loop-item-25845 post-25845 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-single-phase-immersion-cooling-thermal-pad product_tag-new product_tag-450 product_tag-silicone pa_thermal-conductivity-6-0 new first instock shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-simple\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d9c57 e-con-full pdlist e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63d9c57\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f13d184 pdlist__imgobx e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f13d184\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-948074f e-con-full pdlist-thermal e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"948074f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3c9727 pdlist-thermal__num elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3c9727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.0<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca7d7e4 pdlist-thermal__uni elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca7d7e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> W\/m\u00b7K<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc83748 productoverf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dc83748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/gap-filler\/thermal-gel-pad\/single-phase-immersion-cooling-thermal-pad\/dtt61-s\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/DTT61-s-11-650x650.webp\" class=\"attachment-qi_blocks_image_size_square size-qi_blocks_image_size_square wp-image-25852\" alt=\"DTT61-s \u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u65bc\u55ae\u76f8\u6d78\u6c92\u5f0f\u6db2\u51b7\u7684\u5c0e\u71b1\u588a\u7247\uff0c\u7d93Engineered Fluids\u8a8d\u8b49\u53ef\u9577\u671f\u8010\u53d7\u6d78\u6c92\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u4e0d\u6703\u6c61\u67d3\u51b7\u537b\u6db2\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u9ad8\u5c0e\u71b1\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53ef\u517c\u5177\u5c40\u90e8\u9694\u96e2\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u80fd\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u5916\u9632\u8b77\u5c64\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7d71\u6574\u9ad4\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u5c3a\u5bf8\u8207\u88c1\u5207\u6c96\u578b\u3002\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/DTT61-s-11-650x650.webp 650w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/DTT61-s-11-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/DTT61-s-11-700x700.webp 700w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/elementor\/thumbs\/DTT61-s-11-rbmlanibo21uusiwp1jhuu0nj7i4c3obstbv6zsaew.webp 300w, https:\/\/lipoly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/DTT61-s-11-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad9124 e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad9124\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4dc9d e-con-full e-flex qodef-elementor-content-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f4dc9d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d479ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d479ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><h3 class=\"product-title product-title--h3 product-carousel__title\"><a class=\"product-title__link\" href=\"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/product\/gap-filler\/thermal-gel-pad\/single-phase-immersion-cooling-thermal-pad\/dtt61-s\/\"><span class=\"product-title__model\" data-no-translation>DTT61-s<\/span> <span class=\"product-title__name\">Immersion Cooling Thermal Conductive Pad<\/span><\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed3213 pdlist__tag-feature elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed3213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImmersion Cooling\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Previous\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Next\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Immersion cooling exposes all materials inside a server to prolonged coolant contact, potentially causing TIM swelling, performance degradation, or component leaching. This article explains cooling principles, coolant types, compatibility risks, and verification methods, with a Shell S3 X immersion test at 80\u00b0C for 504 hours as a practical example.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":34951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[465],"tags":[505,503,600,499,608],"class_list":["post-34918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-505","tag-503","tag-600","tag-499","tag-608"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34918"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34961,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34918\/revisions\/34961"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lipoly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}